Farrel's "Backwards Model" Farrel's Backwards Planning Model is a framework I have partially incorporated into my lesson planning. While I don’t always start with clearly defined end goals in mind, I do structure my lessons around guided notes taken from the textbook, which include key information students need to understand for the assessment. During instruction, I reinforce learning by reviewing and correcting these notes with the class. This is assessment focused lesson planning, but not completely aligned with Farrel's model. Farrel’s Backwards Model supports alignment between the written curriculum, taught curriculum, and assessment by delivering content to students through multiple formats—pre-reading, guided notes, and lecture—before being assessed. The assessment questions align with the guided notes, which reflect the core concepts from the curriculum. This model reinforces consistency between what is planned (written curriculum), what is delivered (ta...